SUMMARY Use of isobutanol in the manufacture of FPC from Chilean hake (Marluccius gayi) was suggested since it will soon be produced in Chile and would be advantageous compared with imported solvents. The process used consists of washing the whole raw fish with fresh water, comminuting it, extracting with isobutanol for 30 min at room temperature and for 4 hr at 90°C, with continuous extraction of water and volatiles by azeotropic distillation, then washing with pure solvent and drying at 25 mm Hg, 60–65°C for 18 hr. The flour was than finely ground. The resulting product was light in color, with practically no odor and only a slight fishy taste, while containing 0.3% fat, 80% protein and 4% volatile matter. The PER value was 2.9, identical to the value obtained in the control test with casein. The digestibility with pepsin was over 97% and the available lysine 7.5%. Results indicate that isobutanol is a promising solvent for this process but economics of the process should be determined in the future. Copyright © 1971, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

Useful data for liquid-liquid extraction were obtained by countercurrent fractionation of Chilean anchovy oil in an extraction column. Furfural was used as the extracting solvent while the oil was dissolved in petroleum naphtha. The data obtained by varying the velocity of agitation, the feed rate, the furfural oil ratio and the naphtha oil ratio are adequate for the design and operation of an extraction system. © 1971 AOCS Press.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data weee determined by the vapor recirculation technique for the trifluoromethane-trifluorochloromethane binary at 31.9, -0.1, -55.1, and -100.05°F over the full range of composition. The compositions of the maximum-pressure (minimum-boiling) azeotrope exhibited by this system are 0.656, 0.630, 0.579, and 0.533 mol fraction CHF3, respectively, at pressures of 400.6, 247.1, 90.47, and 31.32 psia, respectively. The heats of vaporization of the azeotropes computed primarily from the equilibrium data, are 3639, 4723, 5845, and 6363 Btu/lb mol, respectively. Liquid-phase activity coefficients weee calculated from the experimental data under the assumption that the Redlich-Kwong equation of state gave an adequate description of the vapor phase. Subsequently, the Wilson equation was fit to these activity coefficients, and a correlation was developed which permits the vapor-liquid equilibria to be computed for any temperature between 32 and -100±F. © 1971, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

This work is a study of the systematics and ecology of the freswater fish fauna in the provinces of Valparaiso and Aconcagua (Chile). A distinction is made between indigenous and introduced species. The systematic position of several species of Atherinidae from the central region of Chile is discussed. © 1972 Masson.

The principal types of lymphoid cells are described in each functional zone of popliteal and mesenterical lymph nodes of the dog. Special consideration is given to the fine structure of lymphocytes. Only one type of small electron dense lymphocytes can be identified, characterized by great irregularity of both nuclear and cytoplasmatic outline. Transitional or intermediate forms within this predominant type and between small lymphocytes and blast cells, as well as a small number of 'light' and 'plasmocellular' lymphocytes are also observed. The most significant finding is the presence of medium size lymphocytes with an unusual arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum, located at the apex and periphery of the germinal centers. These results are discussed in relation to the problem of morphological identification of T and B main functional types of lymphocytes.

Argentine pejerreys were collected in Lake Peñuelas during January 1973. Calculated growth rate was maximum during the 3rd year of life. The length–weight relationship was: log W=‐5.69395+3.25248 log L where W=weight (g), and L=total length (mm). Agegroup I was sexually mature. The sex ratio was 85 males (54%) to 73 females (46%). Young‐of‐the‐year pejerreys fed primarily on copepods, but cladocerans [Bosmina sp. (Baird), Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liéven), Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch)], ostracods, and dipterans were also represented. Feeding occurred during daylight. Copyright © 1974, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

The mass spectrometry of substituted benzenesulfonylhydrazides (X.C6H4.SO2NHNH2) has been studied, with X = p‐CH3, H, p‐CH3O and p‐Br. The intensities of [XC6H4SO2]+ and [XC6H4]+ follow the Hammett relationship [In(Z/Z0) =ρδp+] with ρ of 0.375 and 2.37, respectively. Copyright © 1974 Heyden & Son Ltd.

The clinical features of 259 cases of resected pulmonary tuberculosis are briefly analyzed; 80% were advanced cases, 57% with illness of more than 18 mth duration, 29% with drug resistance and 57% cavitary cases. Bronchopleural distula appeared in 2.7% of the series after pulmonary resection, and when only pneumonectomy and lobectomy are considered, the incidence accounts for 1%. Comparison of this incidence with other figures published appears favorable and makes the authors recommend their technique of bronchial stump closure. (Journal received: Feb. 1976)

The efficiency of conversion of the carbon‐energy source to product is of primary importance in many fermentation processes. In order to assess the efficiency of a process, one must know how close the actual conversion yield is to the theoretical maximum. Theoretical conversion yields are useful, therefore, as guides in improving a process. This knowledge is particularly important today because the cost of raw materials is rapidly rising. In this study, the biochemical pathway of penicillin synthesis was used to estimate the theoretical yield of penicillin from glucose, ammonia, and sulfate. These values are compared with experimental data from the literature. An analysis of the role of glucose in the synthesis of cell mass and penicillin and in the maintenance of cells makes it possible to assess the efficiency of carbon‐source utilization and to direct further advances in penicillin fermentations. Copyright © 1977 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A coulometric-potentiometric method is described for the estimation of ascorbic acid with octacyanomolybdate(V) generated electrolytically. The accuracy and precision are comparable with those of the other coulometric methods available. © 1977.